***Page in Progress***
"[In Greek] the rules always apply, except when they don't, which is almost always"
-My first Greek teacher.
Mission & Notices:
No where that I have found is there a definitive list of principal parts in Greek. Many textbooks, including Ἀθηναζε
the textbook from which I learned Greek, does not have a full list of
principal parts and expects students to intuit some of principal parts.
While there are paradigms for certain types of verbs, even when
completing these paradigms a student (like myself) sometimes runs into
trouble. For that reason, I thought I would make my own list.*There is actually a similar list here, but it lacks accents and has a less-extensive list of verbs (it seems to have disappeared anyway).
*There is a website that seems to have this if you type in a particular verb. No idea who runs it or how accurate it is, but it looks awesome.
Please note: I am a student of Greek myself and do not have an authoritative view of Greek at all. If I am wrong, which is certainly possible (especially factoring in typos), please comment with a correction (and if possible a source for the correction) and I will fix it.
My goal is as follows: The list currently includes the list from Hansen and Quinn as well as the Greek Paradigm Handbook. I am planning on adding the verbs from Eleanor Dickey's unpublished prose composition book (which is what we are using). After that, I will add the verbs from Malcom Campbell's Classical Greek Prose: A Basic Vocabulary, as this is a standard text book for prose composition classes and verbs I should know.
As a key:
"----" means that the principal part does not exist for this verb
"-" in front of a form means it is usually paired with a prefix of some sort
"intrans." means the form is used intransitively
"/" means that there is more than one alternate for this particular form
"ῶ" in the future means that this future form ends in an "έω" contract unless otherwise noted
Principal Parts List: 160 verbs and counting...
ἀγγέλλω | ἀγγελῶ | ἤγγειλα | ἤγγελκα | ἤγγελμαι | ἠγγέλθην | (to) announce |
ἀγείρω | ---- | ἤγειρα | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) gather, collect |
ἀγω | ἄξω | ἤγαγον [1] | ἦχα | ἦγμαι | ἦχθην | (to)drive, go |
ᾄδω/ἀείδω | ᾄσομαι | ᾖσα | ---- | ᾖσμαι | ᾔσθην | (to) sing |
ἀδικέω | ἀδικήσω | ἠδίκησα | ἠδίκηκα | ἠδίκημαι | ἠδικήθην | (to) injure, wrong |
αἰνεω | -αινέσω | -ῄνεσα [2] | -ῄνεκα | -ῄνημαι | -ῃνέθην | (to) praise |
αἱρέω | αἱρήσω | εἷλον [3] | ᾕρηκα | ᾕρημαι | ᾐρήθην | (to) take, capture; (mid) choose |
αἴρω | ἀρῶ | ἦρα | ἦρκα | ἦρμαι | ἤρθην | (to)raise, lift |
αἰσθάηνομαι | αἰσθήσομαι | ᾐσθόμην | ---- | ᾔσθημαι | ---- | (to) perceive |
αἰσχύνομαι | αἰσχθνοῦμαι | ---- | ---- | ᾔσχυμμαι | ᾐσχύνθην | (to) be ashamed |
ἀκούω | ἀκούσομαι | ἤκουσα | ἀκήκοα | ---- | ἠκούσθην | (to) hear (+gen) |
ἁλισκομαι | ἁλώσομαι | ἑάλων [4] / ἥλων | ἑάλωκα/ἥλωκα | ---- | ---- | (to) be caught, seized |
ἁμαρτάνω | ἁμαρτήσομαι | ἥμαρτον | ἡμάρτηκα | ἡμάρτημαι | ἡμαρτήθην | (to) miss (+gen), err |
ἀμύνω | ἀμυνῶ | ἤμυνα | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) warn, defend |
ἀναλίσκω | ἀναλώσω | ἀνήλωσα | ἀνήλωκα | ἀνήλωμαι | ἀνηλώθην | (to) spend |
ἀνοίγνυμι | ἀνοίξω | ἀνέῳξα [5] | ἀνέῳχαι | ἀνέῳγμαι | ἀνεῴχθην | (to) open, disclose |
ἀξιόω | ἀξιώσω | ἠξίωσα | ἠξίωκα | ἠξίωμαι | ἠξιώθην | (to) to be worthy of (+gen) |
ἀπαγορεύω | ἀπερῶ | ἀπεῖπον | ἀπείρηκα | ἀπείρημαι | ἀπερρήθην | (to) forbid, dissuade |
ἀπαντάω | ἀπαντήσομαι | ἀπήντησα | ἀπήντηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) meet |
ἀπεχθάνομαι | ἀπεχθήσομαι | ἀπηχθόμην | ---- | ἀπήχθημαι | ---- | (to) be hated |
ἀποδείκνυμι | ἀποδέξω | ἀπέδεξα | ἀποδέδεχα | ἀποδέδεγμαι | απεδέχθην | (to) demonstrate, exhibit |
ἀποθωῄσκω | ἀποθανοῦμαι | ἀπέθανον | ἀποτέθνηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) die |
ἀποκρίνομαι (ἀποκρίνω) | ἀποκρινοῦμαι | ἀπέκρινάμην | ---- | ἀποκέκριμαι | ---- | (to) separate, distinguish, answer |
ἀποκτείνω [6] | ἀποκτενῶ | ἀπέκτεινα | ἀπέκτονα | ---- | ---- | (to) kill |
ἀπόλλυμι | ἀπολῶ | ἀπώλεσα (trans.), ἀπωλόμην (intrans.) | ἀπολώλεκα (trans.), ἀπόλωλα (intrans.) | ---- | ---- | (to) destroy |
ἅπτω | ἅψω | ἧψα | ---- | ημμαι | ἥφθην | (to) attach, (mid) to touch |
ἀρέσκω | ἀρέσω | ἤρεσα | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) please |
ἀρκέω | ἀρέσω | ἤρεσα | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) assist |
ἁρπάζω | ἁρπάσομαι | ἥρπασα | ἥρπακα | ἥρπασμαι | ἡρπάσθην | (to) seize |
ἄρχω | ἄρξω | ἦρξα | ἦρχα | ἦργμαι | ἤρχθην | (to) rule; (mid) begin |
αὐλίζομαι | ---- | ηὐλισάμην | ---- | ---- | ηὐλίσθην | (to) camp |
αὐξάνω/αὔξω | αὐξήσω | ηὔξησα | ηὔξηκα | ηὔξημαι | ηὐξήθην | (to) |
ἀφικνέομαι | ἀφίξομαι | ἀφικόμην | ---- | ἀφῖγμαι | ---- | (to) arrive (+εἰς + acc) |
βαίνω | -βήσομαι | -ἔβην | βέβηνκα | ---- | ---- | (to) come, go |
βάλλω | βαλῶ | ἔβαλον | βέβληκα | βέβλημαι | ἐβλήθην | (to) throw |
βιόω | βιώσομαι | ἐβίων | βεβίωκα | ---- | ---- | (to) live |
βλάπτω | βλάψω | ἔβλαψα | βέβλαφα | βέβλαμμαι | ἐβλάφθην | (to) harm |
βουλεύω | βουλεύσω | ἐβούλευσα | βεβούλευκα | βεβούλευμαι | ἐβουλεύθην | (to) deliberate |
βούλομαι | βουλήσομαι | ---- | ---- | βεβούλημαι | ἐβουλήθην | (to) wish, be willing |
γαμάω | γαμῶ | ἔγημα | γεγάμηκα | γεγάμημαι | ---- | (to) marry (a man); (mid) marry (a woman) |
γελάω | γελάσομαι | ἐγέλασα | ---- | ---- | ἐγελάσθην | (to) laugh |
γίγνομαι | γενήσομαι | ἐγενόμην | γέγονα | γεγένημαι | ---- | (to) become, be |
γιγνώσκω | γνώσομαι | ἔγνων | ἔγνωκα | ἔγνωσμαι | ἔγνώσθην | (to) get to know |
γράφω | γράψω | ἔγραψα | γέγραφα | γέγραμμαι | ἐγράφην | (to) write; (mid) indict |
δάκνω | δήξομαι | ἔδακον | ---- | δέδηγμαι | ἐδήχθην | (to) hurt, vex |
δεῖ [7] | δεήσει | ἐδέησε | ---- | ---- | ---- | it is necessary (impersonal) |
δείκνῡμι | δείξω | ἔδειξα | δέδειχα | δέδειγμαι | ἔδείχθην | (to) show |
δέομαι | δεήσομαι | ---- | ---- | δεδέημαι | ἐδεήθην | (to) be in need of |
δέχομαι | δέξομαι | ἔδεξάμην | ---- | δέδεγμαι | ---- | (to) receive, accept |
δέω | δήσω | ἔδησα | δέδεκα | δέδεμαι | ἐδέθην | (to) want, lack |
δηλόω | δηλώσω | ἔδήλωσα | δεδήλωκα | δεδήλομαι | ἐδηλώθην | (to) manifest, show |
διαλέγομαι | διαλέξομαι / διαλεχθήσομαι | ---- | ---- | δείλεγμαι | διελέχθην | (to) converse |
διαφθείρω | διαφθεφπω | διέφθειρα | διέφθαρκα (trans) & διέφθορα (intrans) | (to) destroy | ||
διδάσκω | διδάξω | ἐδίδαξα | δεδίδαχα | δεδίδαγμαι | ἐδιδάχθην | (to) teach |
δίδωμι | δώσω | ἔδωκα | δέδωκα | δέδομαι | ἐδόθην | (to) give |
διώκω | διώξομαι | ἐδίωξα | δεδίωχα | ---- | ἐδιώχθην | (to) pursue; prosecute |
δοκέω | δόξω | ἔδοξα | ---- | δέδογμαι | -ἐδόχθην | (to) seem |
δουλεύω | δουλεύσω | ἐδουλεύσα | δεδούλευκα | ---- | ---- | (to) be a slave |
δύναμαι | δυνήσομαι | ---- | ---- | δεδύνημαι | ἐδυνήθην | (to) be able |
δύω[8] | -δύσω | -ἔδῡσα / ἔδῡν | δέδῡκα | -δέδυμαι | -ἐδύθην | (to) sink, go down |
ἐάω | ἐάσω | εἴασα | εἴακα | εἴαμαι | εἰάθην | (to) let, allow; leave alone; omit |
ἐγείρω | ἐγερῶ | ἤγειρα | ἐγρήγορα (intrans.) | ---- | ἠγέρθην | (to) awaken, arouse |
ἐθέλω | ἐθελήσω | ἠθέλησα | ἠθέληκα | ---- | ---- | (to) wish |
εἰμί | ἔσομαι [9] | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) be |
εἶμι | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) go |
εἴργω | εἴρξω | εἶρξα | ---- | εῖργμαι | εἴρχθην | (to) enclose, arrest |
ἐκπλήττω | ἐκπλήξω | ἐξέπληξα | ---- | ἐκπέπληγμαι | ἐξεπλάγην | (to) drive away, frighten; (pass) be driven out of one's sentance |
ἐλαύνω | ἐλῶ [10] | ἤλασα | ἐλήλακα | ἐλήλαμαι | ἠλάθην | (to) drive |
ἐλέγχω | ἐλέγξω | ἤλεγξα | ---- | ἐλήλεγμαι | ἠλέγχθην | (to) cross-examine, question |
ἕλκω | -ἕλξω | εἵλκυσα | -εἵλκυκα | -εἵλκυσμαι | -εἱλκύσθην | (to) drag |
ἐναντιόομαι | ἐναντιώσομαι | ---- | ---- | ἠναντίωμαι | ἤναντιώθην | (to) set oneself against, withstand, prevent, contratict |
ἐπανίσταμαι | ἐπαναστήσομαι | ἐπανέστην | ἐπανέστηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) rise up in insurrection against (+ dat) |
ἐπίσταμαι | ἐπιστήσομαι | ---- | ---- | ---- | ἠπιστήθην | (to) know |
ἐπαινέω | ἐπαινέσομαι | ἐπῄνεσα | ἐπῄνεκα | ἐπῄνημαι | ἐπῃνέθην | (to) approve, consent |
ἐπιδείκνυμι | ἐπιδείξω | ἐπέδειξα | ἐπιδέδειχα | ἐπιδέδειγμαι | ἐπεδείχθην | (to) display |
ἐπιλαντάνομαι | ἐπιλήσομαι | ἐπελαθόμην | ---- | ἐπιλέλησομαι | ---- | (to) forget |
ἐπίσταμαι [11] | ἐπιστήσομαι | ---- | ---- | ---- | ἠπιστήθην | (to) know |
ἕπομαι [12] | ἕψομαι | ἑσπόμην [13] | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) follow |
ἐργάζομαι | ἐργάσομαι | εἰργασάμην / ἠργασάμην | ---- | εἴργασμαι | εἰργάσθην / ἠργάσθην | (to) work |
---- | ἐρήσομαι | ἠρόμην | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) ask |
ἔρχομαι / εἶμι [14] | ἐλεύσομαι / εἶμι | ῆλθον [15] | ἐλήλυθα | ---- | ---- | (to) come, go |
ἐρωτάω | ἐρωτήσω | ἠρώτησα | ἠρώτηκα | ἠρώτημαι | ἠρωτήθην | (to) ask, inquire |
ἐσθίω [16] | ἔδομαι | ἔφαγον | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) eat |
εὑρίσκω | εὑρήσω | ηὗρον / εὗρον | ηὕρηκα / εὕρηκα | εὕρημαι | εὑρέθην | (to) find |
εὔχομαι | εὔξομαι | ηὔξαμην | ---- | ηὖγαμαι | ---- | (to) pray |
ἔχω [17] | ἕξω / σχήσω | ἔσχον | ἔσχηκα | -ἔσχημαι | ---- | (to) have, hold |
ζάω | ζήσω | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) live |
ζητέω | ζητήσω / βιώσομαι | ἐζήτησα / ἐβίων | ἐζήτηκα / βεβίωκα | ---- | ἐζητήθην | (to) seek |
ἡγέομαι | ἡγήσομαι | ἡγησάμην | ---- | ἥγημαι | ἡγήθην | (to) lead |
ἥδομαι | ἡσθήσομαι | ---- | ---- | ---- | ἥσθην | (to) enjoy |
ἥκω | ἥξω | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) have come |
θάπτω | θάψω | ἔθαψα | ---- | τέθαμμαι | ἐτάθην | (to) strike |
θαυμάζω | θαυμάσομαι | ἐθαύμασα | τεθαύμακα | τεθαύμασμαι | ἐθαυμάσθην | (to) view |
θεάομαι | θεάσομαι | ἐθεασάμην | τεθέαμαι | ---- | ---- | (to) view, behold |
θύω | θύσω | ἔθῡσα | τέθυκα | τέθυμαι | ἐτύθην | (to) sacrifice |
ἵημι | -ἥσω | -ἧκα | -εἷκα | -εἷμαι | -εἵθην | (to) throw |
ἱκνέομαι | ἵξομαι | ἱκόμην | ---- | ἷγμαι | ---- | (to) come, arrive (mid of ἵκω) |
ἵστημι | στήσω | ἔστησα/ἔστην | ἕστηκα | ἕσταμαι | ἔστάθην | (to) stand |
καθαίρω | καθαρῶ | ἐκάθηρα | ---- | κεκάθαρμαι | ἐκαθάρθην | (to) clean, purge, purify |
καθίστημι | καταστήσω | κατέστησα / κατέστην | καθέστηκα | καθέσταμαι | κατεστάθην | (to) set down; place; establish |
καλέω | καλῶ | ἐκάλεσα | κέκληκα | κέκλημαι | ἐκελεύσθην | (to) call |
κεῖμαι | κείσομαι | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) lie, be placed |
κελεύω | κελεύσω | ἐκέλευσα | κεκέλευκα | κεκέλευσμαι | ἐκελεύσθην | (to) order |
κλέπτω | κλέψω | ἔκλεψα | κέκλοφα | κέκλεμμαι | ἐκλάπην | (to) steal |
κολάζω | κολάσω | ἐκόλασα | ---- | κεκόλασμαι | ἐκολάσθην | (to) tame; punish, chastise |
κρίνω | κρινῶ | ἔρκιῑνα | κέκρινα | κέκριμαι | ἐκρίθην | (to) separate, decide |
κτάομαι | κτήσομαι | ἐκτησάμην | ---- | κέκτημαι | ---- | (to) gain, acquire |
κτείνω | κτενῶ | ἔκτεινα or ἔκτανον | -έκτονα | ---- | ---- | (to) kill, slay |
κωλύω | κωλύσω | ἐκώλῡσα | κεκώλῡκα | κεκώλῡμαι | ἐκωλύθην | (to) hinder, prevent |
λαμβάνω | λήψομαι | ἔλαβον | εἴληφα | εἴλημμαι | ἐλήφθην | (to) take |
λανθάνω | λήσω | ἔλαθον | λέληθα | ---- | ---- | (to) escape the notice |
λέγω | λέξω / ἐρῶ | ἔλεξα / εἶπον | εἴρηκα | λέλεγμαι / εἴρημαι | ἐλέχθην / ἐρρήθην | (to) say, speak |
λείπω | λείψω | ἔλιπον | λέλοιπα | λέλειμμαι | ἐλείφθην | (to) leave |
λύω | λύσω | ἔλῡσα | λέλυκα | λέλυμαι | ἐλύθην | (to) loosen, release |
μανθάνω | μαθήσομαι | ἔμαθον | μεμάθηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) learn |
μάχομαι | μαχοῦμαι | ἐμαχεσάμην | ---- | μεμάχημαι | ---- | (to) fight |
μείγνυμι / μίγνυμι | μείξω / μίξω | ἔμιξα / ἔμιξα | μέμιχα | μέμιγμαι | ἐμίχθην | (to) mix, bring together |
μέλλω | μελλήσω | ἐμέλλησα | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) delay (+ inf.); be about to (+ fut inf.) |
μένω | μενῶ | ἔμεινα | μεμένηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) wait, remain |
μετανίστομαι | μεταναστήσομαι | ἐμηχανησάμην | μετανέστηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) change one's country, emigrate |
μηχανάομαι | μηχανήσομαι | ἐμηχανησάμην | ---- | μεμηχάνημαι | ---- | (to) contrive, devise |
μιμνήσκω | μνήσω | ἔμνησα | -μέμνηκα | μέμνημαι | ἐμνήσθην | (to) remind (of); (pass) remember |
νῑκάω | νῑκήσω | ἐνίκησα | νενίκηκα | νενίκημαι | ἔνῑκηθην | (to) win, conquer |
νομίζω | νομιῶ | ἐνόμισα | νενόμικα | νενόμισμαι | ἐνομίσθην | (to) consider, think, believe |
οἶδα | εἴσομαι | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) know |
οἰκέω | οἰκήσω | ᾤκησα | ᾤκηκα | ᾤκημαι | ᾠήθην | (to) dwell |
οἴομαι / οἶμαι | οἰήσομαι | ᾠσάμην | ---- | ---- | ᾠήθην | (to) think |
ὁράω | ὄψομαι | εἶδον | ἑόρᾱκα / ἑώρᾱκα | ἑώρᾱμαι / ὦμμαι | ὤφθην | (to) see |
παιδεύω | παιδεύσω | ἐπαίδευσα | πεπαίδευκα | πεπαίδευμαι | ἔπαιδεύθην | (to) teach, educate |
πάσχω | πείσομαι | ἔπαθον | πέπονθα | ---- | ---- | (to) suffer, experience |
παύω | παύσω | ἔπαυσα | πέπαυκα | πέπαυμαι | ἐπαύθην | (to) stop |
πείθω | πείσω | ἔπεισα | πέπεικα | πέπεισμαι | ἐπείσθην | (to) persuade; trust(mid); obey (pass) |
πίπτω | πεσοῡμαι | ἔπεισα | πέπτωκα | ---- | ---- | (to) fall |
πιστεύω | πιστεύσω | ἐπίστευσα | πεπίστευκα | πεπίστευμαι | ἐπιστεύθην | (to) trust (+dat) |
ποιέω | ποίησω | πεποίηκα | πεπίστευμαι | πεποίημαι | ἐποιήθην | (to) do, make |
πολῑτεύω | πολῑτεύσω | ἐπολίτευσα | πεπολίτευκα | πεπολίτευμαι | ἐπολῑτεύθην | (to) be a citizen, conduct the government; be governed (pass) |
πράττω (πράσσω) | πράξω | ἔπρᾱξα | πέπρᾱχα / πέπρᾱγα | πέπρᾱγμαι | ἐπράχθην | (to) do, make |
πυνθάνομαι | πεύσομαι | ἐπυθόμην | ---- | πέπυσμαι | ---- | (to) inquire, learn by inquiry |
ῥήγνυμι | ῥήξω | ἔρρηξα | ἔρρηχα / ἔρρωγα | ἔρρηγμαι | ἐρρήχθην / ἐρράγην | (to) break |
σκέπτομαι / σκοπέω | σκέψομαι | ἐσκεψάμην | ---- | ἔσκεμμαι | ---- | (to) look about, behold, survey |
στέλλω | στελῶ | ἔστειλα | ἔσταλκα | ἔσταλμαι | ἐστάλθην / ἐστάλην | (to) arrange, furnish |
συμβαίνω | συμβήσομαι | συνέβην | συμβέβηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) go/come together; meet |
συνίημι | συνήσω | συνῆκα | συνεῖκα | συνεῖμαι | συνείθην | (to) seat; perceive, hear |
σῴζω | σώσω | ἔσωσα | σέσωκα | σέσωσμαι / σέσωμαι | ἐσώθην | (to) save |
τάττω (τάσσω) | τάξω | ἔταξα | τέταχα | τέταγμαι | ἐτάχθην | (to) draw up in order, station, appoint; fall into order of battle (mid) |
τελευτάω | τελευτήσω | ἐτελεύτησα | τετελεύτηκα | τετελεύτημαι | ἐτελευτήθην | (to) finish; die |
τίθημι | θήσω | ἔθηκα | τέθηκα | τέθειμαι | ἐτέθην | (to) put, place |
τῑμάω | τῑμήσω | ἐτίμησα | τετίμηκα | τετίμημαι | ἐτῑμήθην | (to) honor |
τρέπω | τρέψω | ἔτρεψα / ἐτραπόμην | τέτροφα | τέτραμμαι | ἐτρέφθην / ἐτράπην | (to) turn; turn oneself (mid, aorist passive) |
τυγχάνω | τεύξομαι | ἔτυχον | τετύχηκα | ---- | ---- | (to) happen (+partc), happen to be; hit the mark; obtain (+gen) |
ὑπισχνέομαι | ὑποσχησόμαι | ὑπεσχομην | ὑπεσχημαι | ---- | ---- | (to) promise; undertake |
φαίνω | φανῶ | ἔφηνα | πέφηνα | πέφασμαι | ἐφάνθην / ἐφάνην | (to) appear (+inf), manifestly be (+ptc) |
φέρω | οἴσω | ἤωεγκα / ἤνεγκον | ἐωήνοχα | ἐνήνεγμαι | ἠνέχθην | (to) |
φεύγω | φεύξομαι | ἔφυγον | πέφευγα | ---- | ---- | (to) flee; be in exile; be a defendant |
φημί | φήσω | ἔφησα | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) say, assert, affirm |
φθάνω | φθήσομαι | ἔφθασα / ἔφθην | ---- | ---- | ---- | (to) act first; be first (in doing soemthing); anticipate (someone) |
φθίνω | φθ(ε)ίσω | ἔφθ(ε)ισα | ἔφθικα | (ἔφυιμαι) | ---- | (to) perish, destroy |
φιλέω | φιλήσω | ἐφίλησα | πεφίληκα | πεφίλημαι | ἐφιλήθην | (to) love |
φοβέομαι | φοβήσομαι | ---- | ---- | πεφόβημαι | ἐφοβήθην | (to) fear |
φράζω | φράσω | ἔφρασα | πέφρακα | πέφρασμαι | ἐφράσθην | (to) make clear, pronounce, utter; (mid/pass) consider |
φράσσω | φράξω | ἔφραξα | πέφρακα | πέφραγμαι | ἐφάχηθην / ἐφράγην | (to) to fence |
φυλάττω (φυλάσσω) | φυλάξω | ἐφύλαξα | πεφύλαχα | πεφύλαγμαι | ἐφυλάχθην | (to) guard, defend |
φύω | φύσω | ἔφυσα / ἔφυν | πέφυκα | ---- | ἐφύν | (to) produce, spring forth |
χαίρω | χαιρήσω | ---- | κεχάρηκα | ---- | ἐχάρην | (to) rejoice (in), take pleasure (in), enjoy |
χορεύω | χορεύσω | ἐχόφευσα | κεχόρευκα | κεχόρευμαι | ἐχορεύθην | (to) dance, take part in a chorus |
χράω / χράομαι | χρήσομαι | ἐχρησάμην | ---- | κέχρημαι | ---- | (to) consult an oracle; use (+dat) |
χρή | χρῆσται | ---- | ---- | ---- | ---- | it is necessary (impersonal) |
ψεύδω | ψεύσω | ἔψευσα | ---- | ἔψευσμαι | ἐψεύσθην | (to) cheat, defraud |
(to) |
General Paradigms:
In all paradigms below, parts 3 and 6 have a temporal augment and 4 and 5 have initial reduplication.
In all paradigms below, parts 3 and 6 have a temporal augment and 4 and 5 have initial reduplication.
- -ω, -σω, -σα , -κα, -μαι , -θην
- -έω, -ήσω, -ησα, -ηκα , -ημαι , -ήθην
- -άω, -ήσω, -ησα, -ηκα, -ημαι, -ήθην [18]
- After ε, ι, ρ: -άω, -άσω [ᾱ], -ᾱσα, -ᾱκα, -ᾱμαι, -άθην [ᾱ]
- -όω, -ώσω, -ωσα, -ωκα, -ωμαι, -ώθην
- -άζω, -άσω, -ασα, -ακα, -ασμαι, -άσθην
- -ίζω, -ιέω, -ισα, -ικα, -ισμαι, -ίσθην
- -πτω/-πω/-φω, -ψω, -ψα, -φα, -μμαι, -φθην or 2nd aorist -πην/-βην/-φην
- -ομαι
-εκ + verb: ἐκ+, ἐκ+, ἐξ+, ἐκ+,ἐ κ+, ἐξ+
-κατα + verb: κατα+, κατα+, κατε+, κατα+, κατα+, κατε+
-συν + verb: συν+λ=συλλ, συν+γ=συγγ
Endnotes
- Unaugmented form ἀγαγ-.
- Unaugmented form -αἰνε-
- Unaugmented form ἑλ-.
- Unagumented form ἁλ-.
- Unaugmented form ἀνοιξ-.
- In Attic prose, the passive of ἀποκτείνω is ἀποθνῄσκω.
- Subjunctive δέῃ, optative δέοι, infinitive δεῖν, participle δέον, imperfect ἔδει.
- In the first three principal parts, the -ύ is long.
- From ἐλάω.
- Third person singular is ἔσται.
- The imperfect is ἠπιστάμην.
- The imperfect is εἱπόμην.
- Unaugmented form is σπ-.
- ἔρχομαι is used only for the present indictative in attic prose, while εἶμι take its place for all non-indicative forms.
- Unaugmented form is ἐλθ-.
- The imperfect is ἤσθιον.
- The imperfect is εἶχον.
- The general paradigms from -άω and below is from a list pages 338-340 of Mastronarde's Introduction to Attic Greek.
Annotated Bibliography
- Campbell, Malcom. Classical Greek Prose: A Basic Vocabulary. Bristol Classical Press, 2003. I used this book for a list of basic vocabulary.
- Dickey, Eleanor. Greek Prose Composition (draft). Completed at the Columbia University Classics Department, 2003. Unpublished. I used this text for principal parts (pp.134-140), general principal part paradigms (p.133), and the list of vocabulary (pp.134-175).
- Geannikis, Erikk, Andrew Romiti, and P.T. Wilford. Greek Paradigm Handbook. Newberyport, MA: Focus Publishing, 2008. I used this text for principal parts (p. 231-240).
- Hansen, Hardy and Gerald M. Quinn. Greek: An Intensive Course. New York: Fordham University Press, 1987. For some of the principal parts (p. 689-691).
- Mastronarde, Donald. Introduction to Attic Greek.
- Morwood, James. Oxford Grammar of Classical Greek. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. For some of the principal parts (p. 98-119).
- Smyth, Herbert Weir. Greek Grammar. 1920. I used this text for irregular principal parts.
Try:
ReplyDeleteComplete Handbook of Greek Verbs
Schoenhof's Foreign Books, Inc.
Cambridge -Mass.
The edition I have is
Offcine Grafiche Principato, Milano 1972
I took a sojourn to the library yesterday to investigate the book you recommended. As far as I could tell, The complete Handbook of Greek Verbs is simply another edition of All the Greek Verbs a.k.a. Tutti i Verbi Greci. This book is, in fact, one of my most treasured resources for reading Greek as it provides a way to look verbs up by form and then provides the original verb so that one can look it up in a dictionary. However, that project is different than the one i am doing here because I am hoping to provide myself an others with a resource for memorizing Greek principle parts and deriving forms from there so as to cut down upon the need for referencing works like Tutti i Verbi Greci. My idea is to create something along the lines of 501 Latin Verbs or The Big Gold Book of Latin Verbs : 555 Verbs Fully Conjugated. However, it will probably take a very long time before I get there.
ReplyDeleteThis is very good and very helpful. I'm looking forward to the updates!
ReplyDeleteCheers,
John
Glad you like it! I will be adding a lot more this summer.
DeleteNot sure if you even check this anymore, but I believe "to die" is not ἀποθωῄσκω. The first omega should be a nu, according to my text. Also, its fourth principle part does not always have the prefix ἀπο- (as in, τέθνηκα is also commonly seen) Also, INFINITE gratitude for making this.
ReplyDeleteThis is soooo useful. Thanx, man!
ReplyDelete